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    <title>经济日报评论员：再驳“中国新能源产能过剩论”_腾讯新闻</title>
<meta name="Description" content="在刚刚落幕的第135届中国进出口商品交易会上，以电动载人汽车、锂电池和太阳能电池为代表的外贸“新三样”备受境外采购商青睐。这是市场需求的理性选择，也是中国制造企业长期创新研发、供应链企业高效协作的结果，体现了中国制造的综合成本优势及产品竞争力。　　今年正值美国大选之年，一些政客以“产能过剩”之...">
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  window.DATA = {"url":"https://view.inews.qq.com/a/20240513A00GCM00","article_id":"20240513A00GCM","article_type":"0","title":"经济日报评论员：再驳“中国新能源产能过剩论”","desc":"在刚刚落幕的第135届中国进出口商品交易会上，以电动载人汽车、锂电池和太阳能电池为代表的外贸“新三样”备受境外采购商青睐。这是市场需求的理性选择，也是中国制造企业长期创新研发、供应链企业高效协作的结果，体现了中国制造的综合成本优势及产品竞争力。　　今年正值美国大选之年，一些政客以“产能过剩”之名行贸易...","iNewsRecommendLevel":1,"abstract":"在刚刚落幕的第135届中国进出口商品交易会上，以电动载人汽车、锂电池和太阳能电池为代表的外贸“新三样”备受境外采购商青睐。这是市场需求的理性选择，也是中国制造企业长期创新研发、供应链企业高效协作的结果，体现了中国制造的综合成本优势及产品竞争力。　　今年正值美国大选之年，一些政客以“产能过剩”之名行贸易...","catalog1":"finance","ad_channel_sign":"finance","introduction":"","media":"经济日报","media_id":"5161561","pubtime":"2024-05-13 06:16:25","comment_id":"8280420516","tags":"","political":1,"cmsId":"20240513A00GCM00","cms_id":"20240513A00GCM00","closeAllAd":1,"closeAllFavorite":false,"originContent":{"directory":{"enable":2,"list":null},"text":"<P>在刚刚落幕的第135届中国进出口商品交易会上，以电动载人汽车、锂电池和太阳能电池为代表的外贸“新三样”备受境外采购商青睐。这是市场需求的理性选择，也是中国制造企业长期创新研发、供应链企业高效协作的结果，体现了中国制造的综合成本优势及产品竞争力。</P><P>今年正值美国大选之年，一些政客以“产能过剩”之名行贸易保护主义之实，抛出所谓的“中国新能源产能过剩论”，并以此作为政治筹码，将政治考量凌驾于经济关切之上。其结果不仅损人害己，还会破坏全球产业链供应链稳定畅通，阻碍世界经济和贸易增长，拖累全球经济绿色低碳转型。</P><P>产能过剩是一种普遍存在的经济现象。在市场经济条件下，供需平衡是相对的，不平衡是常态。解决这种不平衡，主要还要依靠市场力量，按照价值规律进行调节。需要指出的是，产能不是产品，产能过剩并不是说产品生产多了卖不掉，而是企业的生产能力没有得到充分利用的状态。适度超前的产能投资是产业发展的普遍选择，对于新兴产业尤为如此。</P><P>准确把握产能过剩的这一实质，就不难理解今年《政府工作报告》为何提出“防止产能过剩和低水平重复建设”。新冠疫情3年多时间里，在全球供应链几乎停摆的情况下，中国制造业之所以能持续稳定向全球市场提供各类商品，正是与当时制造业固定资产投资快速增长密切相关。彼时的投资，如今正源源不断地转化为产能。但当前全球市场需求正在放缓，导致了部分行业产能利用不足。可以判断，这一现象是短暂的，随着世界经济回暖，部分行业低端落后产能将加快淘汰出清，而代表着绿色低碳方向的新能源领域先进产能还将迎来更大的发展空间。</P><P>对比现实，可以看出美国一些政客所谓“中国产能过剩威胁其他国家产业发展”“给国际市场带来灾难”等言论，纯属无稽之谈。一季度中国规模以上工业产能利用率为73.6%，与美国78.4%的利用率基本接近。在库存水平上，3月份中国原材料库存指数为48.1%，与美国相当。但从工业利润来看，中国工业利润率呈持续增长态势。此外，中国新出口订单指数为50.6%，继续保持扩张，表明企业出口业务总体继续改善。从这个意义上看，对“产能过剩”的指责，实际上更多来自对中国工业实力发展的焦虑和遏制——美国一些政客也心知肚明，中国新能源产业优势是靠企业努力获得的，是通过充分的市场竞争塑造的，而不是他们口中“靠政府补贴”形成的。</P><P>众所周知，美国部分政客声称“中国新能源产能过剩”，其实是当地市场对中国新能源汽车、光伏等产品有需求，但本土企业和产品又缺乏足够竞争力，由此形成优胜劣汰的压力。可以肯定地说，他们对中国新能源产品的指责，既不符合客观事实，也不符合经济规律。近期在美国华盛顿召开的国际货币基金组织和世界银行春季会议上，与会经济学家和专业人士对所谓“中国新能源产能过剩论”也表示出了不解与疑惑，因为无论分析市场供需，还是观察产业发展实际，都无法得出这样令人费解的结论。</P><P>“中国新能源产能过剩论”是伪命题，中国新能源产品的竞争实力不容怀疑——</P><P>首先，中国新能源产业规模的快速增长并非盲目扩张，而是基于全球碳减排的迫切需求。国际能源署的报告显示，到2030年，全球新能源汽车需求量将达4500万辆，是2023年的3倍多。国际可再生能源署的测算也显示，为了实现《巴黎协定》目标，全球光伏发电装机累计容量在2030年至少要达到5400GW，是2023年全球总装机量的近4倍、我国总装机量的约9倍。显然，当前新能源产品的全球产能还远未满足未来市场的需求。在很长一段时期内，中国新能源产品仍将是市场上的俏货。全球碳减排进程带来的巨大需求，将是中国新能源产业持续向高端转型的原动力。</P><P>其次，新能源产业补贴是全球通用的市场手段，并非中国新能源产业的独有优势。为应对气候变化、实现全球碳减排目标，世界各国都在广泛补贴本国的新能源产业。比如，美国从2010年就开始以税收抵免的方式补贴新能源汽车销售，甚至通过《基础设施和就业法案》等立法，安排了75亿美元资金支持充电设施建设。日本早在2008年就开始对电动、清洁柴油等清洁能源车型提供补贴。德国也从2016年5月份开始对新能源汽车销售实行普遍补贴。中国从2013年实行大范围新能源汽车补贴政策，随着市场规模的扩大，该政策已于2023年正式退出。由此可见，产能过剩“补贴优势论”的观点，是根本站不住脚的。</P><P>再次，中国新能源产品的出口优势源自深厚的技术积累、庞大的规模效应和完整的产业体系。在市场机制作用下，中国新能源产品通过市场充分竞争和技术创新迭代，实现了新能源在产能与价格上的优势，这是中国企业自身不断努力的结果。比如，通过技术创新，我国光伏行业有效解决了成本高和并网难两大难题。同时，中国庞大的市场规模为新能源技术快速更新提供了充足空间，规模效应不仅降低了成本，也加快了新技术新产品落地推广。以新能源汽车为例，中国巨大的消费市场和多元化的用车环境，为新能源汽车产业迭代升级提供了广阔空间。</P><P>在国际经贸交往中，对于以“产能过剩”之名打压中国企业的贸易保护主义举措，我们坚决反对。当前，全球产能布局是市场规律和经济全球化共同作用的客观结果，是各国自身比较优势下开展分工合作、优化要素资源的必然要求，也是提高生产效率、增进民生福祉的重要举措。不论是从比较优势还是全球市场需求角度看，都不存在所谓“中国新能源产能过剩”问题。</P><P>正如习近平主席在中法欧领导人三方会晤时所指出，中国新能源产业在开放竞争中练就了真本事，代表的是先进产能，不仅丰富了全球供给，缓解了全球通胀压力，也为全球应对气候变化和绿色转型作出巨大贡献。在应对全球气候变化的共同挑战中，各国是相互依存、融合互助的利益共同体，开放包容、合作共赢是唯一正确的选择。只有自由贸易、充分竞争，才能形成全球产能格局的最优解，才能让全球绿色发展的底色更亮、成色更足。（经济日报评论员）</P>","version":"v1"},"originAttribute":{},"selfDeclare":{},"userAddress":"北京","card":{"chlid":"5161561","chlname":"经济日报","desc":"中央级党报，经济领域发行量最大、最具权威性和公信力的主流媒体。","icon":"http://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/11576438747_200200/0","msgEntry":1,"uin":"ec5938282b62b3ab474ba64161dcfcd3e4","update_frequency":"1716505265","vip_desc":"经济日报官方账号","vip_icon_night":"http://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/14876049528/0","vip_place":"left","vip_type":"30013","vip_icon":"http://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/14876049251/0","vip_type_new":"30013","suid":"8QMc1n5Y5IUVuTbd","liveInfo":{},"cpLevel":1},"interationCount":{"like":1,"collect":0},"payment_info":{},"article_is_pay":false,"payment_column_info_v1":{"is_column_pay":false,"payment_column_article_info":{"article_sequence":0},"read_count_all":0},"tag_info_item":null,"videoArr":[]};
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  color: #4d5156;
}

/* dark */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  .immersive-translate-search-recomend {
    border: 1px solid #3c4043;
  }

  .immersive-translate-close-action svg {
    fill: #bdc1c6;
  }

  .immersive-translate-search-enhancement-en-title {
    color: #bdc1c6;
  }
}


.immersive-translate-search-settings {
  position: absolute;
  top: 16px;
  right: 16px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.immersive-translate-search-recomend::before {
  /* content: " "; */
  /* width: 20px; */
  /* height: 20px; */
  /* top: 16px; */
  /* position: absolute; */
  /* background: center / contain url(''); */
}

.immersive-translate-search-title {}

.immersive-translate-search-title-wrapper {}

.immersive-translate-search-time {
  font-size: 12px;
  margin: 4px 0 24px;
  color: #70757a;
}

.immersive-translate-expand-items {
  display: none;
}

.immersive-translate-search-more {
  margin-top: 16px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.immersive-translate-modal {
  display: none;
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 2147483647;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: auto;
  background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  font-size: 15px;
}

.immersive-translate-modal-content {
  background-color: #fefefe;
  margin: 10% auto;
  padding: 40px 24px 24px;
  border: 1px solid #888;
  border-radius: 10px;
  width: 80%;
  max-width: 270px;
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Ubuntu",
    "Cantarell", "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji",
    "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji";
  position: relative
}

.immersive-translate-modal .immersive-translate-modal-content-in-input {
  max-width: 500px;
}
.immersive-translate-modal-content-in-input .immersive-translate-modal-body {
  text-align: left;
  max-height: unset;
}

.immersive-translate-modal-title {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #333333;
}

.immersive-translate-modal-body {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #333333;
  word-break: break-all;
  margin-top: 24px;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .immersive-translate-modal-body {
    max-height: 250px;
    overflow-y: auto;
  }
}

.immersive-translate-close {
  color: #666666;
  position: absolute;
  right: 16px;
  top: 16px;
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.immersive-translate-close:hover,
.immersive-translate-close:focus {
  color: black;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.immersive-translate-modal-footer {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.immersive-translate-btn {
  width: fit-content;
  color: #fff;
  background-color: #ea4c89;
  border: none;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 0 8px;
  padding: 9px 30px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}

.immersive-translate-btn:hover {
  background-color: #f082ac;
}

.immersive-translate-cancel-btn {
  /* gray color */
  background-color: rgb(89, 107, 120);
}


.immersive-translate-cancel-btn:hover {
  background-color: hsl(205, 20%, 32%);
}

.immersive-translate-action-btn {
  background-color: transparent;
  color: #EA4C89;
  border: 1px solid #EA4C89
}

.immersive-translate-btn svg {
  margin-right: 5px;
}

.immersive-translate-link {
  cursor: pointer;
  user-select: none;
  -webkit-user-drag: none;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #007bff;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
}

.immersive-translate-primary-link {
  cursor: pointer;
  user-select: none;
  -webkit-user-drag: none;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #ea4c89;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
}

.immersive-translate-modal input[type="radio"] {
  margin: 0 6px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.immersive-translate-modal label {
  cursor: pointer;
}

.immersive-translate-close-action {
  position: absolute;
  top: 2px;
  right: 0px;
  cursor: pointer;
}</style></head>

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          <div id="ArticleColumnTag"></div><h1>经济日报评论员：再驳“中国新能源产能过剩论”</h1><div id="ArticleAuthor"><div id="article-author" class="article-author"><div class="media-info"><a href="https://news.qq.com/omn/author/8QMc1n5Y5IUVuTbd" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><div class="avatar" style="background-image:url(http://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/11576438747_200200/0)"></div></a><div><a href="https://news.qq.com/omn/author/8QMc1n5Y5IUVuTbd" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><p class="media-name">经济日报</p></a><p class="media-meta"><span>2024-05-13 06:16</span><span>发布于<!-- -->北京</span><span>经济日报官方账号</span></p></div></div><div class="qqcom-follow-button qqcom-follow-button-article  nofollow" dt-imp-once="true" dt-eid="em_focus" dt-params="article_id=20240513A00GCM00&amp;aritcle_type=0&amp;dt_element_path=[&quot;em_focus&quot;]&amp;is_focus=1&amp;user_suid=8QMc1n5Y5IUVuTbd&amp;user_media_id=5161561"><span class="follow-plus">+</span><span>关注</span></div></div></div><div id="ArticleContent"><div class="article-content-wrap "><div class="qnt-p">在刚刚落幕的第135届中国进出口商品交易会上，以电动载人汽车、锂电池和太阳能电池为代表的外贸“新三样”备受境外采购商青睐。这是市场需求的理性选择，也是中国制造企业长期创新研发、供应链企业高效协作的结果，体现了中国制造的综合成本优势及产品竞争力。</div><div class="qnt-p">今年正值美国大选之年，一些政客以“产能过剩”之名行贸易保护主义之实，抛出所谓的“中国新能源产能过剩论”，并以此作为政治筹码，将政治考量凌驾于经济关切之上。其结果不仅损人害己，还会破坏全球产业链供应链稳定畅通，阻碍世界经济和贸易增长，拖累全球经济绿色低碳转型。</div><div class="qnt-p">产能过剩是一种普遍存在的经济现象。在市场经济条件下，供需平衡是相对的，不平衡是常态。解决这种不平衡，主要还要依靠市场力量，按照价值规律进行调节。需要指出的是，产能不是产品，产能过剩并不是说产品生产多了卖不掉，而是企业的生产能力没有得到充分利用的状态。适度超前的产能投资是产业发展的普遍选择，对于新兴产业尤为如此。</div><div class="qnt-p">准确把握产能过剩的这一实质，就不难理解今年《政府工作报告》为何提出“防止产能过剩和低水平重复建设”。新冠疫情3年多时间里，在全球供应链几乎停摆的情况下，中国制造业之所以能持续稳定向全球市场提供各类商品，正是与当时制造业固定资产投资快速增长密切相关。彼时的投资，如今正源源不断地转化为产能。但当前全球市场需求正在放缓，导致了部分行业产能利用不足。可以判断，这一现象是短暂的，随着世界经济回暖，部分行业低端落后产能将加快淘汰出清，而代表着绿色低碳方向的新能源领域先进产能还将迎来更大的发展空间。</div><div class="qnt-p">对比现实，可以看出美国一些政客所谓“中国产能过剩威胁其他国家产业发展”“给国际市场带来灾难”等言论，纯属无稽之谈。一季度中国规模以上工业产能利用率为73.6%，与美国78.4%的利用率基本接近。在库存水平上，3月份中国原材料库存指数为48.1%，与美国相当。但从工业利润来看，中国工业利润率呈持续增长态势。此外，中国新出口订单指数为50.6%，继续保持扩张，表明企业出口业务总体继续改善。从这个意义上看，对“产能过剩”的指责，实际上更多来自对中国工业实力发展的焦虑和遏制——美国一些政客也心知肚明，中国新能源产业优势是靠企业努力获得的，是通过充分的市场竞争塑造的，而不是他们口中“靠政府补贴”形成的。</div><div class="qnt-p">众所周知，美国部分政客声称“中国新能源产能过剩”，其实是当地市场对中国新能源汽车、光伏等产品有需求，但本土企业和产品又缺乏足够竞争力，由此形成优胜劣汰的压力。可以肯定地说，他们对中国新能源产品的指责，既不符合客观事实，也不符合经济规律。近期在美国华盛顿召开的国际货币基金组织和世界银行春季会议上，与会经济学家和专业人士对所谓“中国新能源产能过剩论”也表示出了不解与疑惑，因为无论分析市场供需，还是观察产业发展实际，都无法得出这样令人费解的结论。</div><div class="qnt-p">“中国新能源产能过剩论”是伪命题，中国新能源产品的竞争实力不容怀疑——</div><div class="qnt-p">首先，中国新能源产业规模的快速增长并非盲目扩张，而是基于全球碳减排的迫切需求。国际能源署的报告显示，到2030年，全球新能源汽车需求量将达4500万辆，是2023年的3倍多。国际可再生能源署的测算也显示，为了实现《巴黎协定》目标，全球光伏发电装机累计容量在2030年至少要达到5400GW，是2023年全球总装机量的近4倍、我国总装机量的约9倍。显然，当前新能源产品的全球产能还远未满足未来市场的需求。在很长一段时期内，中国新能源产品仍将是市场上的俏货。全球碳减排进程带来的巨大需求，将是中国新能源产业持续向高端转型的原动力。</div><div class="qnt-p">其次，新能源产业补贴是全球通用的市场手段，并非中国新能源产业的独有优势。为应对气候变化、实现全球碳减排目标，世界各国都在广泛补贴本国的新能源产业。比如，美国从2010年就开始以税收抵免的方式补贴新能源汽车销售，甚至通过《基础设施和就业法案》等立法，安排了75亿美元资金支持充电设施建设。日本早在2008年就开始对电动、清洁柴油等清洁能源车型提供补贴。德国也从2016年5月份开始对新能源汽车销售实行普遍补贴。中国从2013年实行大范围新能源汽车补贴政策，随着市场规模的扩大，该政策已于2023年正式退出。由此可见，产能过剩“补贴优势论”的观点，是根本站不住脚的。</div><div class="qnt-p">再次，中国新能源产品的出口优势源自深厚的技术积累、庞大的规模效应和完整的产业体系。在市场机制作用下，中国新能源产品通过市场充分竞争和技术创新迭代，实现了新能源在产能与价格上的优势，这是中国企业自身不断努力的结果。比如，通过技术创新，我国光伏行业有效解决了成本高和并网难两大难题。同时，中国庞大的市场规模为新能源技术快速更新提供了充足空间，规模效应不仅降低了成本，也加快了新技术新产品落地推广。以新能源汽车为例，中国巨大的消费市场和多元化的用车环境，为新能源汽车产业迭代升级提供了广阔空间。</div><div class="qnt-p">在国际经贸交往中，对于以“产能过剩”之名打压中国企业的贸易保护主义举措，我们坚决反对。当前，全球产能布局是市场规律和经济全球化共同作用的客观结果，是各国自身比较优势下开展分工合作、优化要素资源的必然要求，也是提高生产效率、增进民生福祉的重要举措。不论是从比较优势还是全球市场需求角度看，都不存在所谓“中国新能源产能过剩”问题。</div><div class="qnt-p">正如习近平主席在中法欧领导人三方会晤时所指出，中国新能源产业在开放竞争中练就了真本事，代表的是先进产能，不仅丰富了全球供给，缓解了全球通胀压力，也为全球应对气候变化和绿色转型作出巨大贡献。在应对全球气候变化的共同挑战中，各国是相互依存、融合互助的利益共同体，开放包容、合作共赢是唯一正确的选择。只有自由贸易、充分竞争，才能形成全球产能格局的最优解，才能让全球绿色发展的底色更亮、成色更足。（经济日报评论员）</div></div><div class="image-carousel portal-hide "><div class="mask"></div><div class="carousel-img-list"><ul style="width: 0%; transform: translateX(0%);"></ul><div class="switch-btn left" style="display: none;"></div><div class="switch-btn right" style="display: block;"></div><div class="bottom-nav-wrapper"><div class="bottom-nav" style="max-width: 1192px;"><ul style="transform: translateX(0px);"></ul></div></div></div></div></div>
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